What Causes Heart Attack
A heart attack can strike suddenly — but it usually results from problems that build up over time. Also known as a myocardial infarction, a heart attack happens when blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, damaging the heart muscle.
1. Blocked Arteries (Atherosclerosis)
The most common cause of a heart attack is coronary artery disease (CAD). Over time, fatty deposits called plaque build up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. This condition is called atherosclerosis.
When one of these plaques ruptures, a blood clot can form and block the flow of blood. Without oxygen-rich blood, part of the heart muscle begins to die — and that’s a heart attack.
2. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
Uncontrolled high blood pressure puts strain on the arteries, making them narrow, stiff, and more prone to damage. Over time, this damage increases the risk of plaque buildup and heart attack.
3. High Cholesterol
Excess LDL ("bad") cholesterol in your blood contributes to plaque formation in the arteries. When cholesterol levels are high, so is your risk of artery blockages and heart attacks.
4. Smoking
Cigarette smoke damages the lining of your arteries and reduces oxygen in your blood, increasing the risk of clot formation. Smokers are 2–4 times more likely to suffer from heart disease.
5. Diabetes
People with diabetes are more likely to have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity — all major heart attack risk factors. High blood sugar also damages blood vessels over time.
6. Obesity and Sedentary Lifestyle
Excess body weight, especially belly fat, is linked to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and insulin resistance. Lack of physical activity weakens the heart and leads to weight gain — a dangerous cycle.
7. Stress and Poor Diet
Chronic stress increases blood pressure and triggers unhealthy habits like overeating or smoking. A diet high in processed foods, sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats contributes to clogged arteries.
Final Thoughts
Heart attacks are often preventable. Most causes are linked to lifestyle and health conditions that can be managed through regular exercise, a heart-healthy diet, quitting smoking, and managing stress. Knowing the causes is the first step in protecting your heart for life.
